Æ As / Dupondius, Rome mint Description: Obverse with laureate head of Trajan facing right; legend IMP CAES NERVA TRAIAN AVG GERM P M. Reverse depicting Victory flying left with spread wings, holding a palm branch in the left hand and a shield inscribed SPQR in the right; legend TR POT COS IIII P P with S C in the field. The reverse celebrates military success sanctioned by the Senate and People of Rome. Historical context: Trajan is regarded as one of Rome’s greatest emperors and military commanders, under whom the Empire reached its maximum territorial expansion. His reign was marked by successful campaigns along the Rhine frontier and, most notably, the Dacian Wars, which resulted in the annexation of Dacia. Coin types featuring Victoria emphasize imperial victories and the close ideological link between the emperor, the Roman army, and the authority of the Senate (SPQR).